نسخه شماره ۴۴ - ۱۳۸۸/۰۶/۰۱

  تابستان ۸۸

 
ناهمگونی جنسیتی، نگرش افراد و ارتباطات دختران و پسران در دانشگاه / مجید موحد / محمد تقی عباسی شوازی / زهرا هاشمی نیا / ۳۷

بررسی تساوی جنسیتی در دسترسی به آموزش ( پایه های دوره راهنمایی در مناطق شهری و روستایی استان های کشور) / محمد آتشک / ص ۷۳ 

گونه شناسی مسائل اجتماعی جوانان ایران با تاکید بر وضعیت دختران/ جواد افشارکهن/ ص ۱۱۱

مادران، دختران و ازدواج (تفاوت های نسلی در ایده ها و نگرش های ازدواج در شهر یزد) / عباس عسکری ندوشن/ محمد جلال عباسی شوازی/رسول صادقی / ۷
 

چکیده
این مقاله، تفاوت‏ها و تغییرات بین‏نسلی در ارزش‏ها و نگرش‏های مرتبط با ازدواج و تشکیل خانواده را در بین دو نسل مادران و دختران مقایسه و تحلیل می‎کند. داده‏های تحقیق، از طریق پیمایش، در شهر یزد جمع‏آوری و اطلاعات مربوط به ۱۵۵ نفر از نسل مادران و ۱۵۵ نفر از نسل دختران مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است.نتایج بیانگر اجماع و توافق‏نظر هر دو نسل در مورد سن مناسب ازدواج و همچنین مخالفت با چندهمسری مردان است که ثبات زیاد این ابعاد نگرشی را نشان می‏دهد. از سوی دیگر، تفاوت‎های بین‎نسلی معناداری در ایده‎ها و نگرش‎های دختران و مادران در ابعادی نظیر زمان­بندی فرزند اول، ازدواج خویشاوندی، نحوه انتخاب همسر و مجرد ماندن وجود دارد و دختران از ایده‎ها و نگرش‎های مدرن‎تری در این ابعاد برخوردارند. چنین تفاوت‎های بین نسلی در نگرش‎های ازدواج می‎تواند هم ناشی از تغییرات ایده‎ایی و هم ناشی از تفاوت‎های نسلی در مشخصه‎های اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی از جمله آموزش، اشتغال و خاستگاه شهری باشد که بررسی‏های بیشتری را می‏طلبد. هرچند دامنه تغییرات نسلی در محیط مورد مطالعه گسترده نیست، ولی نتایج بیانگر تغییراتی آرام در ویژگی‎های خانواده در ایران می‏باشد.
کلید واژه
تفاوت بین‏نسلی، تغییرات ایده‎ای، الگوهای ازدواج، نهاد خانواده، شهر یزد.
۱) مقدمه
مسائل و تغییرات نسلی در حوزه‎های ازدواج، باروری و خانواده یکی از محورهای عمده تحقیقات جمعیت‎شناسی در سالیان اخیر بوده است. در عصر تحولات پرشتاب اجتماعی و تغییرات سریع فرهنگی، تفاوت‏های ...
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بازسازی معنائی جهت گیری جنسیتی پسران نسبت به دختران(ارائه یک نظریه زمینه ای) /داریوش بوستانی/ احمد محمد پور/ ص ۱۴۲
چکیده
این پژوهش درصدد است از رویکرد تفسیرگرائی اجتماعی به بررسی بخشی از کنش‎های اوقات فراغت یعنی جهت­گیری جنسیتی پسران نسبت به دختران، به عنوان بستری برای شکل­گیری هویت دانش­آموزان دبیرستانی شهر شیراز بپردازد. روش­شناسی پژوهش، کیفی است و از روش قوم­نگاری برای انجام عملیات تحقیق استفاده شده است. داده­های ...
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چرایی افزایش نسبی ورود دختران به دانشگاه(مطالعه موردی دانشگاه اهواز) /ابوالقاسم فاتحی/مهدی ادیبی/ بهجت یزدخواستی/حسن سعیدی / ص ۱۷۳

چکیده
حدود دو دهه است که روند افزایش ورود دختران به دانشگاه سیر صعودی داشته است. محققان و صاحب نظران در علل این فزونی و نیز پیامدهای مثبت و یا منفی آن دیدگاه‌های متفاوت و گاه متضادی را بیان کرده‌اند. در مقاله حاضر با موضوع چرایی فزونی نسبی ورود دختران به دانشگاه، علل این افزایش در یک مطالعه موردی ...
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اثرسنجی برنامه های اوقات فراغت دختران دانش آموز (مطالعه موردی استان خراسان شمالی)/ حامد عطائی سعیدی/محسن ناصری راد /سیده فاطمه محبی / ص ۲۰۵
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر، با هدف ارزشیابی اثربخشی برنامه اوقات فراغت دانش­آموزان دختر اجراء گردیده است. روش اصلی، ارزشیابی با استفاده از طرح آزمایش شبه پانل است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دانش­آموزان دختر مقاطع تحصیلی ابتدائی (سوم تا پنجم) و راهنمائی و متوسطه شرکت کننده در برنامه اوقات فراغت تابستان ۱۳۸۷ در استان ...
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چکیده عربی/ ص ۲۳۹
عدم التشاکل الجنسى، نظرئ الأفراد والعلاقئ بین الفتیات والفتیان فى الجامعئ
مجید موحد / محمد تقى عباسى شوازى / زهراء هاشمى نیا
مقتطف
شیوع الارتباطات بین الفتیات والفتیان قبل الزواج الی جانب تغییر بنیئ الجامعات الجنسیئ هما ظاهرتان اجتماعیئ وثقافیئ حدیثتان فى المجتمع الایرانى انبثقتا فى السنین الأخیرئ، ...
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چکیده انگلیسی / ص ۲۵۶

Mothers, Daughters, and Marriage
(Intergenerational Differences in Marriage Attitudesin the City of Yazd, Iran)
Abbas Askari-Nodoushan, Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi, Rasoul Sadeghi
Abstract
Intergenerational change in family attitudes and behaviours is one of main areas of demographic researches ...
 

Mothers, Daughters, and Marriage

(Intergenerational Differences in Marriage Attitudesin the City of Yazd, Iran)

Abbas Askari-Nodoushan, Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi, Rasoul Sadeghi

Abstract

Intergenerational change in family attitudes and behaviours is one of main areas of demographic researches in recent years. In this study we examine gradual shift in marriage attitudes and values by comparing the extent of intergenerational differences and similarities between married mothers and their adolescent children. A unique dataset collected through a face-to-face survey interview in the city of Yazd, have been used for the study. A sub-sample of participants consists of ۱۵۵ mother-daughter dyads were selected for analysis. Findings indicate that there is an intergenerational consensus on ideal age at marriage, and opposition to polygamous marriage, reflecting a high stability in these attitudinal domains. On the contrary, there are also significant intergenerational disagreements on such attitudinal items as timing of first birth, relative (consanguine) marriage, mode of mate selection, and attitude towards singlehood, with daughters’ attitudes tend to be more modern. These intergenerational differences in marriage attitudes could be attributable to both ideational shift as well as intergenerational differences in socio-economic status including higher education, wage employment and urban origins of daughter generation. Although intensity of intergenerational differences in our research site is not profound, results are indicative of a gradual change in family values and attitudes in Iran.

Keywords

Intergenerational difference, Ideational change, Marriage patterns, Family institution, Yazd city.

Gender Heterogeneity, Individual Attitudes, and Girl-Boy Friendships among University Students

Majid Movahed, Mohammad Taghi Abbasi Shavazi

Zahra Hashemi Nia

Abstract

Growing pattern of premarital dating and friendship, together with transformation in the gender structure of Iranian universities are two emerging socio-cultural phenomena. In this paper, we examine the intersection of these two phenomena among university students. Based on Blau’s theory, we hypothesize that as gender heterogeneity in classrooms increases, the contact chance within the members of minority gender groups decrease and on the contrary, friendship among the members of the majority gender group increase. The findings of a survey conducted among ۴۲۵ students from Shiraz University, supported Blau’s theory, indicate that gender heterogeneity in classrooms provide greater opportunity for interaction with the members of opposite-sex. In the case of female students, these findings should be interpreted cautiously however. Results also suggest that individual attitude has explained variance of the dependent variable more than gender heterogeneity. Although both objective macro structures and subjective micro structures affect social relations, the latter has more immediate influences.

Keywords

Gender heterogeneity, Premarital friendship, Girls and boys, Peter M. Blau, Macro - structural theory

Gender Parity in Access to Education

(The Case of Secondary Level Education in Urban and Rural Areas of Iran)

Mohammad Atashak

Abstract

The aim of present study is to examine Gender Parity Index (GPI) in access to secondary level of education in urban and rural areas of Iran. Using data from ۲۰۰۶ national census on the school-aged population as well as data from the statistical yearbook of the Ministry of Education on the number of student population, Gender Parity Index (GPI) has been calculated for each grade through dividing the female Gross Enrolment Ratio by the male Gross Enrolment Ratio. Analysis of GPI reveals gender difference between boys and girls across districts. For the first grade, in urban areas there were ۷۴% disparities in favour of boys, ۷% in favour of girls and ۱۹% tended towards gender parity. This pattern is in sharp contrast with rural areas, where disparities in favour of boys were ۱۰۰%. For rural and urban areas on the whole, gender disparities in favour of boys existed in ۹۷% of cases while only in ۳% of cases there existed gender parity. For the second grade, in urban areas ۱۷% disparities found in favour of boys, ۱۴% in favour of girls and in other remaining ۶۹% of cases there were gender parity. On the contrary, in rural areas there were ۹۰% disparities in favour of boys, and ۱۰% tend towards gender parity. , Corresponding figures for rural and urban areas on the whole were ۷۷% and ۲۳% respectively. Gender disparities in the third grade and for urban areas, were ۳۰% in favour of boys, ۷% in favore of girls, and in other ۶۳% remaining cases, it was equally balanced between sexes. These figures are comparable with ۹۰%, ۷%, and ۳% for rural areas. Results show that disparities for all the three grades of the secondary level of education in urban areas were ۳۹% in favour of boys’, ۳% in girls’ favour and ۵۸% balanced towards parity. In rural areas, there were ۹۳% disparities in favour of boys and other remaining ۷% tend towards gender parity. For rural and urban areas on the whole, the analysis demonstrated that in the Secondary level of Education there are ۸۴% disparities in favour of boys and ۱۶% balanced towards gendered parity.

Keywords

Access to education, Gender Parity Index, Urban areas, Rural areas, Secondary education, Iran

Typology of Iranian Youth Social Problems with Emphasis on Young Women Situation

Javad Afshar Kohan

Abstract

Social cha have many consequential effects on social groups depending on their resources, potentials, and capacities. A group’s reaction to social change varies with its power and status position in the society. This paper explores how actions, beliefs, and judgments of youth in distinctive circumstances of young adult years can provide an occasion for social problems. Focusing on the typical situation of Iranian young women, this paper proposes a conceptual framework to classify and analyze Iranian youth behaviours in general and young women behaviours in particular. The suggested framework seems to be potentially helpful in understanding the contexts and circumstances under which youth behaviours are viewed as a social problem. Documentary research method as well as secondary data analysis has been used for the present study.

Keywords

Typology of social problems, Iranian youth, Iranian young women situation.

Meaning Reconstruction of Young Men's Gender Orientation toward Young Women

(A Grounded Theory Study)

Dariush Boostani, Ahmad Mohammadpur

Abstract

Gender orientation of young men toward young women is an essential part of the leisure time activities, and a contributing factor in the process of gender identity formation. Using a social interpretive approach, this study examines gender orientation of male high school students toward female in the city of Shiraz. Qualitative data, on the basis of an ethnographic fieldwork, collected through participant (or direct) observation and in-depth interview techniques. Using purposive, qualitative sampling strategy, ۲۰ high school students from the city of Shiraz and in keeping with theoretical saturation criterion selected for the study. Grounded theory methodology was employed in data analysis procedure as well as in producing a data-based theory. Through the process of data analysis, following five main categories emerged from axial coding process: Reflexivity, Involvement of Mind, Normative Constrain of Peer Group, Instrumental Relationship, and Unstable Interaction. The core category extracted during selective coding process was taken to be “Reflexive Gender Orientation”, which integrates and captures all main categories. The results have been presented in a paradigm model consisting of conditions, interactions and consequences around the core category.

Keywords

Male students of Shiraz high school, Reflexive gender orientation toward girls, Social interpretive approach, Grounded theory, Paradigm model

The Reasons for Raising Rate of Women Entrance to University

(A Case Study of Ahwaz University Students)

Abolghasem Fatehi, Mehdi Adibi

Behjat Yazdkhasti, Hassan Saeedi

Abstract

During last two decades, the girls’ entrance rate to university has been raised substantially. There are various viewpoints about causes and consequences of this observable fact. The present study seeks to investigate the reasons for proportional increasing rate of girls’ entrance to university. In this paper we addresses following question; “Regarding the knowledge-based development discourse, what is the critical approach through which the reasons of increasing rate of girls’ entrance to university can be analyzed?” To answer this question, seven hypotheses were examined. The analysis of a survey data, which collected a set of likert scale items among a group of ۳۶۴ students of Ahwaz University in the academic year of ۲۰۰۶/۲۰۰۷confirmed all the seven hypotheses of the research. In brief, findings showed that the reasons of the increasing rate of girls’ entrance to university must be scrutinized on the basis of an eclectic approach in the form of a complex set of multiple reasons. These multiple reasons, which are in fact summarize the research hypothesis as well, are the change in the attitude of the society concerning participation of women, increasing knowledge of women in regard to their rights, job accessibility, achieving social status, development of the scope of spouse choosing, university attractions and growth of womens’ expectations as well.

Keywords

Girls, Higher education, Knowledge based development, Ahwaz University

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Leisure Time Programs for Girl Students

(The Case Study of Northern Khorasan Province)

Hamid Ataei Saeedi, Mohsen Naseri Rad,

Seyyedeh fatemeh mohebbi

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the Effectiveness of Leisure Time Programs for girl students in the Northern Khorasan Province. The research design was a quasia-panel study. Target population of the study was all girl students at the primary, secondary and high school level, who participated in the Leisure Time Programs during the ۲۰۰۸ summer. A sample size of ۵۸۳ respondents in all educational level selected for the study. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire instrument. Statistical data analysis was done with SPSS software program, using nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Findings clearly show that significant differences existed in students’ degree of religiousness, social participation, enthusiasm, and degree of familiarity with Islamic Revolution and Imam Khomeini’s thoughts before and after participation in the program. Briefly, results indicated that Leisure Time Programs are conducted in effective manner and arrived at a positive outcome.

Keywords

Girl students, Evaluation, Leisure Time, Program, Wilcoxon test.

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